Saturday, September 9, 2017

The Great Inca Road



The Great Inca Road































If anyone were concerned with my choice for the greatest surviving wonder of the ancient world, I would have to look no further than what is now called the Great Inca Road.  It has the antiquity, the mystery and the sheer magnitude to rank as a wonder of the world, if not the greatest one.


 

Called in the original languages Qhapaq Ñan (“khă-păk nĭyān”), meaning "the beautiful road," it has the name that the Inca used for the great highway, even though they did not build it.  The Inca and later the Spanish appropriated (and even, to a small extent, expanded) the great roadway for their own military and trade purposes, to unify their vast areas of conquest.  In the way of all thieves and conquerors they named the road as a way of laying claim to it.  

 

The Spanish called the branch that ran along the higher regions “El Camino Real” (the King’s Road).  The lower road was called “El Camino de la Costa” (the Coastal Road).  We English speaking people call it the Main Andean Road (no points for creativity on any of these).



In testimony of both the arrogance and the ignorance of both the Spanish and our own culture, no one really knows how far the entire road system stretches.  How can you claim something you can’t even map?



The main roads have many branches to various places.  The Inca added some branches to places that they wanted to service, their own towns, for instance.  However, there are many branches of the road that lead to places that have never been explored.  In addition, all of the megalithic sites in the South American continent (such as Tiawanaku, Puma Punku, Machu Picchu, Sacsayhuaman, Ollantaytambo and Quito) have their own branch of the Qhapaq Ñan even though the Inca had no real interest in most of them.  Since these megalithic structures are thousands of years older than the Inca, logically the Qhapaq Ñan is also thousands of years older than that civilization.



The two main thoroughfares run along the west part of the South American continent from northeast to southwest, along the spine of the great Andes Mountains, with a twin road running at a lower level to the west on the lower coastal plains.  The road system provided access to over 1,200,000 square miles of territory.



The two main roads run about 25,000 miles long, from Ecuador to Argentina.  The Great Wall of China, for all its fame, is only 5,500 miles (and no, you can’t see the Great Wall or the Qhapaq Nan from space).  There are so many unknown and unexplored branches of it, however, that no one has any idea of how far the Qhapaq Ñan really extends in total.  




























As impressive as that is, it is not the only, or even the most, impressive feature.  More than twenty of its various routes run over the western mountains, while others traversed the eastern cordillera (a system or group of parallel mountain ranges together with the intervening plateaus and other features, especially in the Andes or the Rockies) in the mountains and lowlands. Some of these roads reach heights of over 16,000 feet above sea level.  They were situated generally between 1,600 to 2,600 ft. above sea level.  

The roads varied greatly in scale, construction, and appearance.  That depended on whether they were built by the megalithic builders or the later jumped up barbarians culminating in the Inca (who, incidentally, had neither writing, the wheel, nor any significant beast of burden and who’s stone working skills were massively inferior to the previous megalithic builders).  For the most part, they varied between about 3 to 13 feet in width, although this monumental road could reach 66 feet in width.

One of the things that made the roads so incredible is that they traversed the Andes, those amazingly tall, steep mountains. They had to bore tunnels through solid rock walls. They cut narrow paths along sheer cliff faces.  On steep slopes, they built stone steps resembling giant flights of stairs. In desert areas, near the coast, they built low walls to keep the sand from drifting over the road.

In conclusion, once again we see a megalithic construction, made by a people before memory and without identity.  Almost beyond modern comprehension in its scope and in the skill of its construction, it shares many characteristics with other megalithic constructions, both on its own continent and on others (ex., Sacsayhuaman in Peru, the Egyptian Valley Temples, the ancient temples of Malta and the cyclopean city of Mycenae).

More evidence for an ancient people of unfathomable capabilities and participating in a global civilization.  The story of the Archetype culture of the pre-flood world continues to unfold.

WARNING!!

     The truth is there.  You just have to see it.

     This blog has been written with the sole purpose of using the ample evidence available to verify and support the biblical record, while refuting the copious propaganda that is shoved down our throats daily by materialistic uniformitarians.  

     It is my contention that the Bible describes God's original creation of people with extraordinary capabilities who subsequently created an advanced civilization that exceeds our own.  It was destroyed in the Great Flood and we have spent the last 4,500 years trying to preserve or re-build that civilization.  I contend that science supports all this in multiple disciplines, but this information is ignored, discredited or suppressed by people who have an opposing agenda.

     Nothing that you see on this blog is original.  Any fact that you see here is obtainable on a dozen different websites and books.  I use these facts and photos, without violating their copyrights, under the legal principle of fair use practice.  That is, I use them one time, for educational purposes only.

     The point is, nothing here is made up.  The only thing that I do (or need to do) is assemble this information in its readily discernible pattern. 

      You might want to read through the first entry posted on this blog (Past Remembering: Thoughts toward a coherent view of our ancient past, our present and our future) in order to understand my theoretical and theological underpinnings more clearly.

Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 (NASB)
That which has been is that which will be,
And that which has been done is that which will be done.
So, there is nothing new under the sun.
Is there anything of which one might say,
“See this, it is new”?
Already it has existed for ages
Which were before us.



Monday, July 31, 2017

Gunung Padang




Gunung Padang
               
        This will be a short blog entry.  I wanted to get this posted, because it concerns recent discoveries and the investigations are new and on-going, with more exciting discoveries coming to light all the time.



     When I think of Indonesia, we're talking about an island nation combining Polynesian, Asian and Indian influences in a unique way.  Their culture, their land and their history are unlike any other.


Hilltop of Gunung Padang

      It is, therefore, interesting to find that they have megalithic ruins that have only recently been explored and researched.  In that, they are like the rest of the major land masses in the world.

Slope of Gunung Padang

     The site of Gunung Padang is located on the island of Java.  It is located near Karyamukti village, Cianjur regency, West Java Province of Indonesia, about 35 miles southwest of the city of Cianjur.  At about 2,900 feet above sea level, the site covers a hill, called Punden Berundak.  A series of terraces bordered by retaining walls of stone are accessed by about 400 successive andesite steps rising about 311 feet.  It is also covered with massive rectangular stones of volcanic origin. 

View from the top of the hill of Gunung Padang

The local peoples have known about this site as long as they have been there and have considered it a holy site where many people go for prayer and meditation.

One of the terraces of Gunung Padang
 
     To the casual visitor, it seems to be a steeply inclined hill, like others on the island.  As you get closer to the top, you come across more and more beams of andesite.  Andesite is a type of granite, very dense and hard.  Scattered logs of stone look as though they were strewn from the top of the hill like jackstraws.  

Artist conception of the entire Gunung Padang site
 
While there has been some minimal surveying and research of the area since 1979, a more intensive survey conducted in 2012 showed the following:

  • The site was dated 4,500 years B.C. by carbon dating at about 13 feet below the surface and 12,500 years at 40 feet below the surface).  Artifacts at the surface dated to about 2,800 years B.C.  (Please keep in mind the problems that this author has with current radiometric dating methods.)
  • Based on geoelectric, geo-radar, and geomagnetic testing, at least up to 50 feet from the surface there is construction with large chambers.
  • Unlike the south side with its 5 stone terraces, the east side has 100 stone terraces with width and height of 6.5 x 6.5 feet. The west side also has stone terraces but is still covered by soil and bush, and the north side has, in addition to a 5-foot-wide stair, terraces also.
  • The site area is approximately 25 hectares (2,500 acres).
  • Construction of the terrace walls is similar to that of Machu Picchu in Peru

Another, closer artist's conception of the site
 In 2014, the Education and Culture Ministry cited these facts and recommendations:

  • There is a large structure below the surface.
  • A core zone site area has been confirmed.
  • Many man-made artifacts have been discovered.
  • The construction of the site spans four eras.
  • A recommendation has been made to extend the survey, renovation concept, conservation and management of the site.

 
With these facts, we have the same questions as we did in the case of Teotihuacan and Puma Punku.  What process, other than a massive flood, could account for a structure set on such a high prominence (remember, it’s 311 feet above the surrounding landscape) that is completely buried in soil to a depth of 40 feet?  In addition, no process of erosion or other process other than a massive flood, could account for the random scattering of the massive andesite beams.


I look forward to seeing what is discovered as this undisturbed and highly visible megalithic site is researched and its secrets unveiled.  At least, before the uniformitarians start burying the inconvenient truths that will inevitably be unearthed.


WARNING!!

     The truth is there.  You just have to see it.


     This blog has been written with the sole purpose of using the ample evidence available to verify and support the biblical record, while refuting the copious propaganda that is shoved down our throats daily by materialistic uniformitarians.  


     It is my contention that the Bible describes God's original creation of people with extraordinary capabilities who subsequently created an advanced civilization that exceeds our own.  It was destroyed in the Great Flood and we have spent the last 4,500 years trying to preserve or re-build that civilization.  I contend that science supports all this in multiple disciplines, but this information is ignored, discredited or suppressed by people who have an opposing agenda.


     Nothing that you see on this blog is original.  Any fact that you see here is obtainable on a dozen different websites and books.  I use these facts and photos, without violating their copyrights, under the legal principle of fair use practice.  That is, I use them one time, for educational purposes only.


     The point is, nothing here is made up.  The only thing that I do (or need to do) is assemble this information in its readily discernible pattern. 


      You might want to read through the first entry posted on this blog (Past Remembering: Thoughts toward a coherent view of our ancient past, our present and our future) in order to understand my theoretical and theological underpinnings more clearly.


Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 (NASB)

That which has been is that which will be,

And that which has been done is that which will be done.

So there is nothing new under the sun.

Is there anything of which one might say,

“See this, it is new”?

Already it has existed for ages

Which were before us.